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¿µ¹® Ç¥Áظí De-Identification of Personal Health Information (Technical Report)
ÇÑ±Û ³»¿ë¿ä¾à ºñ½Äº°È­´Â Á¤º¸ ÁýÇÕ¿¡¼­ ½Äº°Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ Àι°°ú ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºñ½Äº°È­¸¦ ÅëÇØ °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸ÀÇ ¼öÁý, ó¸®, ±â·Ï, ¹èÆ÷, °£Çà¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ÇÁ¶óÀ̹ö½Ã À§ÇèÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ºñ½Äº°È­´Â ÇÁ¶óÀ̹ö½Ã¸¦ º¸È£Çϸ鼭 °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í °øÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ó¹ÝµÇ´Â ¸ñÇ¥ °£¿¡ ÀýÃæÁ¡À» ã°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. Áö³­ 2016³â ÇàÁ¤¾ÈÀüºÎ µî Á¤ºÎºÎóÇÕµ¿À¸·Î ¹ß°£ÇÑ °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸ ºñ½Äº°Á¶Ä¡ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ» ºñ·Ô ¹Ì±¹ µî ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ ¸î¸î ¹ý±Ô¿Í Á¤Ã¥Àº °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ °øÀ¯Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ºñ½Äº°È­ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÔÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±¸Á¶È­µÈ Á¤º¸, ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î Çü½ÄÀÇ ¹®¼­, ¸ÖƼ¹Ìµð¾î, ÀÇÇÐ ¿µ»ó µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ºñ½Äº°È­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¿¬±¸¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÀϺΠºñ½Äº°È­µÈ °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ Àç½Äº°ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. º» ±â¼úº¸°í¼­´Â Áö³­ 20³â µ¿¾È ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ºñ½Äº°È­ °ü·Ã ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¿ä¾àÇϰí, ÇöÀçÀÇ ½ÇÅ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ³íÀÇÇϸç ÇâÈÄÀÇ ¿¬±¸°úÁ¦¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
¿µ¹® ³»¿ë¿ä¾à De-identification refers to the inability to associate personal health information with a particular person by removing identification information from the information set. Such de-identification can reduce the privacy risk associated with the collection, processing, recording, distribution and publication of personal information. Therefore, de-identification seeks compromises between conflicting goals of using and sharing personal information while protecting privacy. Some of the laws and policies of foreign countries such as the United States, including guidelines on personal information de-identification measures published jointly by the government ministries such as the Ministry of the Interior and Safety(MOIS) in 2016, require that de-identification be done before sharing personal information. In addition, various types of information such as structured information, free-form documents, multimedia, and medical images can be unidentified. According to recent studies, some de-identified personal information may be re-identified. This technical report summarizes the studies of the de-identification treatments over the past 20 years, discusses the current situation and presents future research projects.
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